Campaign Finance Reform

"I'm John Doe and I approve this message." During election season, various forms of this statement are repeated so often that many of us begin to mumble them in our sleep. Although this redundant phrase seems silly and useless, it provides a concise picture of the many rules and issues that are involved in the American election process, one of which is campaign finance reform.

Campaign finance reform has been a topic especially prevalent in the political world for the last 40 years. Based on the proposition that elections and candidates have become corrupt and manipulated by those who fund them, campaign finance reform seeks to establish a variety of "dos and don'ts" on how elections should be run. According to many researchers, the public believes that this idea is ethical and praiseworthy. However, due to the many hidden legal implications of campaign finance reform, obtaining this moral high ground is not as easy as it might seem.

As with many other divisive political topics, there are two major opinions on the issue of campaign finance reform. Proponents believe that campaign finance reform will result in less corrupt and less expensive elections. By implementing limits on campaign donations and mandating a variety of proper procedures, supporters of campaign finance reform hope to make it easier for the average citizen to run for office while also eliminating negative campaign attack ads. A key proposition is public financing, using taxpayer dollars to fund individual campaigns.

On the other hand, opponents believe that campaign finance reform may actually enable more corrupt campaign practices and make it more difficult for the average citizen to compete against a public office incumbent. They also worry that tighter regulations of campaign finance limit free speech.

Campaign finance practices received an overhaul in 2002 with the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act, popularly known as McCain-Feingold. In recent weeks, the issues involved with this legislation have come to the forefront once again with the Citizens United Supreme Court decision. This library section will provide you with a variety of opinions and analysis concerning the implications of campaign finance reform.

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Commentary or Blog Post

Some of the major campaign finance reforms of the McCain-Feingold Act were recently overturned by the Supreme Court's decision in "Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission." Levy unpacks this decision in layman's terms by asking and answering six relevant...

According to Sheldon Richman, the fact that we even have to discuss the issue of campaign finance reform suggests that government is much too involved in our private lives. Although the promises of campaign finance...

In the wake of the recent Citizens United decision, legislators have scrambled to come up with alternative campaign finance reform ideas. One of these is the DISCLOSE Act, which "requires corporations to include certain notices in their...

In this piece, former Federal Election Commission member Bradley Smith comments on the inconsistencies within the McCain-Feingold campaign reform legislation. Smith believes that the McCain-Feingold Act served to limit free speech and benefit incumbent...

In this piece, Thomas Mann and Bradley Smith debate about the issue of public financing. Smith believes that public financing does not work at either the federal or state level of governance, while Mann clings to the opposite opinion. In support of...

This article reports on President Obama's continued disapproval of the "Citizens-United" outcome. In the president's eyes, the ruling from the Supreme Court simply raises the...

This article features a debate between two opinions on campaign finance reform. The issue under question in this particular article deals with alternative means to campaign finance reform. Thomas Mann's piece offers a variety of solutions from...

Speaking in favor of the "Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act" (McCain-Feingold), Ornstein and Mann declare that the opponents of the Act have been proved wrong. The authors assert that McCain-Feingold is constitutionally sound, fair to...

According to John Samples, Barack Obama's decision to rely on private financing for his presidential campaign signaled the death knell of campaign finance reform methods. Obama's decision was made due to the advantages private financing offered his election chances. In light of this, Samples gives a...

This editorial condemns both the Republican party and the Supreme Court for their participation in and opposition to campaign finance reform. According to the author, the success of the Citizens United case has encouraged Republicans to press the High Court...

This article discusses one of the underlying problems of campaign finance reform, namely, the limitation of free speech. Samples details how John McCain, a leading campaign finance reform proponent, declared that his reform proposal would "prevent the National Association...

Chart or Graph

"The aggregate figures show that campaign finance laws affect the source of a candidate's funding. In states with loose regulations on political contributions (Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, and Utah), parties provide candidates with an overall average of 23 percent of their funds while interest groups and affiliated individuals provide 67 percent of funds (Figure 1)....

The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 eliminated the influence of soft money in political campaigns. This chart demonstrates the difference between the hard and soft money amounts raised by the two main political parties. Interestingly enough, spending levels have increased for both parties in recent years despite the prohibitions on soft money.

Analysis Report White Paper

Written before the arrival of the McCain-Feingold Act in 2002, this piece weighs the pros and cons of various campaign finance reform ideas. BeVier discusses reform ideas such as PAC contributions, free TV air time, and election regulatory measures in general. The author then...

Written by a campaign finance reform proponent, this piece details the current problems with election and campaign fundraising practices. This piece lays out a plan to revamp current fundraising...

This report examines a variety of data on the effectiveness of Arizona's "Clean Election's Act." The Clean Election Act was intended to make Arizona elections more civil, more fair, and more appealing to the general population. Hayward's assessment of the...

Taking a positive view of campaign finance reform, this piece traces the recent effects of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002. In MacCleery's eyes, the BCRA enabled a broader donor base and more grassroots participation in the political realm. MacCleery uses the Obama campaign as a prime example of this effect, while also comparing it to the campaign finance scandal days of the 1990s....

Patrick Basham reports that one of the biggest arguments proponents of campaign finance reform use to support their cause is the idea of explosive and out-of-control spending on campaigns. In order to discern if this argument is valid, this piece examines the history of campaign...

This piece focuses on the implications that the internet world has on political campaigns and their financial practices. The authors examine President Barack Obama's campaign and note that its focus on small donors is a practice that should be followed more often. This report also offers a variety of campaign finance recommendations, specifically focusing on public finance reform.

Campaign finance reform usually manages to promote more government regulation of elections, candidates, and the constituents who support them. In turn, this regulation tends to specifically help one group of people more than another, namely, incumbents of political offices....

Written shortly after the McCain-Feingold Act was signed into law, this piece seeks to predict some of the possible effects that the legislation could have on campaigns and elections. Basham's predictions are summarized in the following statement: "Overall, the allegedly...

Video/Podcast/Media

This podcast covers the issues and implications of the "Citizens United" Supreme Court decision. Allison Hayward explains some of the misunderstandings that both the Right and Left have about this particular decision, particularly the idea that this case is more beneficial to those on the conservative side of the political spectrum. Hayward declares that this...

According to John Samples, the fallacy of campaign finance reform is the idea that it is good to limit "political speech by regulating money." Samples believes that campaign finance reform seems like a good idea, but that its effects are damaging to the basic American value of free speech. The increasing regulation that campaign finance reform brings is the biggest...

This video presents some of the doomsday scenarios that many people believe the Citizens United ruling will bring. According to Nick Gillespie, there are three reasons why Americans should not be concerned about the Supreme Court's ruling. Gillespie uses these reasons...

Produced during the 2008 presidential election, this video examines whether or not John McCain's campaign finance reform law truly helped clean up the election process. Stossel reaches the conclusion that the current campaign finance reform bill only...

This video declares Senator Tom Udall's strong support for campaign finance reform. In the wake of the Citizen's United ruling, Senator Udall calls for a "constitutional amendment that would prevent the court from overturning sensible campaign finance regulation." Udall also believes that comprehensive campaign reform is a necessary pathway for Congress to...

Primary Document

Labeled as "An Act To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to provide bipartisan campaign reform" and popularly known as "McCain-Feingold," this piece of legislation presents the details of the most recent campaign finance reform law. Among...

The "Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971" placed a variety of regulations on how political campaigns were to be operated. This included many stipulations about campaign finance issues such as public financing and contribution practices. These laws were challenged and...

This controversial case overturned Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce (494 U.S. 652), the Court stating that stare decisis does not apply because "Austin was a significant departure from ancient first Amendment principles."

At issue was a law that stated, "if a covered transmission during the blackout period creates the...

Described as "A BILL To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to prohibit foreign influence in Federal elections, to prohibit government contractors from making expenditures with respect to such elections, and to establish additional disclosure requirements...

McConnell v. FEC was the first major case to reach the Supreme Court after the enactment of McCain-Feingold. The Court declared that "[i]n enacting BCRA, Congress sought to address three important developments in the years since this Court's landmark decision in...

This document features a statement by President Bush at the signing of the "Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002." The President cited three main reasons for his support of the bill and stated that the BCRA would "result in an election...

As one of the two authors of the famed McCain-Feingold campaign finance reform legislation, Senator Feingold strongly objects to the Supreme Court's ruling in Citizens United....

In his testimony before the Committee on the Judiciary, Senator McConnell acknowledges that campaign finance reform is needed, but he asserts that the reform must not come at the expense of violating the first amendment of the Constitution. McConnell quotes extensively from the Buckley decision and concludes by saying, "[l]ooking upon the First Amendment...

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