Preschool and Early Childhood Education
In recent years, it has become increasingly common for politicians to campaign for the idea of expanded government preschool services. They claim that early childhood education is vital to prepare children for success in their subsequent schooling as well as professional and personal life, thereby benefiting society as a whole.
Support for this position mainly derives from small-scale studies conducted in a highly regulated setting such as "The High/Scope Perry Preschool Program" and "The Abecedarian Project," which focused on young, disadvantaged children and their parents. Following the children for many years past their participation in these programs, researchers discovered they had higher rates of academic and career success and lower rates of crime, imprisonment, and welfare dependence.
Despite the success of the previously mentioned studies, these results are viewed with skepticism. For one, the highly regulated nature is most likely not replicable in the kind of preschools and early education centers that the government will operate. Other studies conclude that although preschool attendees do better academically for a few years, their non-preschool peers often catch up by first or second grade and may even end up outperforming them as time goes on. Further, while academic effects disappear quickly, behavioral habits might not. Evidence suggests that children who attend preschool are more likely to develop and retain bad behavior than their peers who stay home during their preschool years.
Admittedly, early childhood education has been shown to improve the learning abilities of disadvantaged children. As has been noted however, many of these children are already enrolled in government preschool programs such as Head Start, and universal preschool would likely cause taxpayers to also foot the bill for middle- and upper class children whose parents can afford to pay for private preschool options. Furthermore, opponents point out that universal preschool would expand the role of teachers' unions and public schools to the detriment of school quality.
This library section focuses on the realities and myths of pre-K education, the arguments for and against government-sponsored preschool programs, and the benefits and drawbacks of these programs for children, their parents and society at large.
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