Education Reform: K-12 Online Education

Although K-12 online learning is a recent arrival on the education scene, its many possibilities and potentials have caused political parties on both sides of the aisle to sit up and take note. For some, K-12 online education offers the possibility of a more individualized, student-centered instruction and the potential for better academic results. For others, online learning holds out the promise of school choice, lower expenses, and weakened teacher unions.

The new nature of this issue makes it difficult to determine whether or not online learning is a solution for some or all of the aforementioned public policy problems. However, there are indicators which signify that online education is on the path to presenting a challenge to traditional public education as we know it. For example, although the costs of paying online teachers can be just as high as in regular public schools, virtual schools are able to save money by assigning more students to a teacher and by eliminating facility and transportation costs. Research is also beginning to show that the individualized nature of online learning seems to raise test scores and encourage children to take the responsibility to excel academically.

While the research about online education may not be totally clear yet, the reactions of students, parents, and teachers are very clear. Many of those who have tried online education overwhelmingly support it and cite the choices, flexibility, and personal interaction as some of the strongest benefits of this new education idea. This library section presents a sampling of these personal online education anecdotes and also seeks to describe the logistics, monetary savings, and other opportunities this new school choice option holds.

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This article explains how virtual schools provide a wonderful school choice alternative to those who are nervous about homeschooling, cannot afford a private school, and are unsatisfied with their local public school options....

According to Maldonado, a new law in Alabama makes taking at least one online class a requirement for high school graduation. Alabama chose to incorporate this policy due to the broader academic courses that online...

This article gives a glimpse into the lives of students and parents served by the burgeoning online education industry. Andrade presents statistics concerning online learning and suggests several reasons why online education can actually offer more...

This article covers the industry side of online learning by presenting an overview of virtual curriculum providers. According to those involved, the private, free-market nature of these e-learning companies...

The Star Tribune takes a glimpse into the future by imagining what education will look like in twenty or thirty years. According to this article, unless the U.S. gets on board and starts being more innovative in using online education and...

In an interview with Eric Hanushek, Terry Moe discusses the ideas in his book, Liberating Learning. According to Moe, online education has a great potential to cut costs and bring to fruition the school reform that so many have been advocating for through...

This article reports on the opportunities that online education provides for rural communities. According to Clowes, a variety of states with more rural populations are utilizing online learning as a way to give students...

The viability of online education - especially in remote areas - is evidenced in the fact that the military is planning to launch an online high school for military children in the Fall of 2010. The new school intends to make its...

In the midst of a budget crisis, schools need to determine how to deliver the same quality of education in a more frugal manner. According to this article, online advanced placement courses for high school...

In this article, Christina Wood seeks to describe some of the background behind the K-12 online education movement. Wood provides personal anecdotes from students who have fallen in love with the flexibility and individual attention that online learning offers...

Chart or Graph

Dark blue states signify the presence of a "state virtual school," while light blue states signify "states with a state-led online initiative."

"State virtual schools and state-led initiatives remain an important part of the online learning landscape in states such as Florida, Alabama, Idaho, and Michigan. As a whole, however, they are relatively less...

"In 2010 a multi-year trend has accelerated as it has become clear that the role of state virtual schools is changing, amid expanding online learning opportunities with new providers, business models, and products emerging and evolving rapidly. In addition, there is significant turmoil in many of the states that had supported prominent state virtual schools. While...

"Beyond formal research, individual programs look at a variety of measures as part of ongoing internal program reviews to determine the effectiveness and quality of their program. Full-time online students take state assessments that are required of all public school students, and full-time online schools are subject to state accountability measures and...

"The myriad online program attributes can be combined into a few major categories of online schools. Keeping Pace places online programs into the following categories:

• State virtual schools;
• Multi-district full-time schools;
• Single-district programs;
• Consortium programs; and
• Programs run by postsecondary institutions (see...

"Most states that have full-time online schools have experienced growth in the number of schools, the number of students per school, and the overall number of online students. Table 6, showing the growth of online schools in Wisconsin from 2002 to 2008, shows a pattern that is fairly common—although certainly not universal."

"The Florida Virtual School program is funded through the Florida Education Finance Program (FEFP) as a special district. It is the only public school in Florida where base funding is directly tied to student performance. Students must be enrolled, receive direct instruction, and successfully complete a FLVS course in order to generate funds through the FEFP...

"Table 3 shows the number of enrollments and growth rates of a sample of states, state virtual schools, district programs, national education management companies, and other types of programs. Each of these online providers represents a window into the...

"In the 2005-06 school year, the grades earned in high school courses taken by students via FLVS (ed. Florida Virtual School) were again consistently higher than those for students taking courses in the traditional public high school setting. FLVS students outperformed their traditional school counterparts in nine out of ten subject areas. The one exception was the...

This map gives an overview of the types of virtual education strategies in place in various states. Many states have state-run online schools (in blue), while others have non-state operated online schools (in tan). Many states have both, and a few states on the East coast have neither option.

This chart reflects the online education views of a variety of school districts across the United States. When asked about barriers in offering online courses to their students, districts showed the most concern with course quality and inadequate funding for online education development.

"Online schools vary in many of their key elements. A set of the defining dimensions of online programs, represented in Figure 1, ... describes whether the program is supplemental or full-time; the breadth of its geographic reach; the organizational type and operational control; and location and type of instruction. Some of these attributes may be combined or...

Analysis Report White Paper

This report examines the costs involved with starting and maintaining a virtual school. The researchers looked at a variety of online programs and their subsequent funding plans and reached the conclusion that virtual education costs just as much as a...

"While K-12 online learning continues to grow rapidly, the shape and pace of growth is uneven. Constrained education budgets, new policy developments, and changing technologies are accelerating growth in some areas while slowing growth in other segments, but the growth trend persists. As of late 2010, online learning opportunities are available to at least some students in 48 of the 50 states...

"K-12 online and blended learning have evolved in new directions in the past year. While now familiar segments of the field, such as online charter schools and state virtual schools, have continued to grow, relatively new forms such as consortium programs and single-district programs are expanding even more rapidly, as is the range of private...

This piece offers a comprehensive overview of online learning components. Wicks explains how online learning works, what it costs, how teachers operate, and how children manage in an online setting. Wicks' online education primer also addresses...

As one of the largest online schools in the country, the Florida Virtual School (FLVS) is often held up as a pattern for other virtual schools to copy. This report seeks to discover whether or not FLVS is giving Floridians a good return on their tax dollars. The results show...

This report addresses the role of policy makers in the advancement of online education throughout different states. Watson and Gemin present the advantages of online learning and its potential to solve many of the school reform issues that...

As the title suggests, this article seeks to give an overview of the benefits of online learning and its potential to greatly impact future education policies. Dan Lips presents the background behind online learning and also provides a number of statistics...

As one of the most widely cited studies on K-12 online learning, this report seeks to track the growth of online education in public schools across the country over the past few years. Piaccianno and Seaman discovered that online...

This book-length report contains a wide variety of recent information on online learning. The authors clearly define the various types of virtual education, provide statistics about the growth of online schools, and also present an assortment of insight from "...

This paper examines the huge savings potential that online schools offer to financially-challenged school districts. According to Chubb, "If schools embrace technology, they can reduce their operating costs, help their students, and minimize the deep cuts that now jeopardize the opportunities for students to learn. Investing in technology is a...

This transcript records the content of an online chat forum on the issue of online education. Prominent e-learning experts such as Julie Young and Susan Patrick field a variety of questions from educators about the student and teacher logistics of online...

"This white paper is adapted from the forthcoming second edition of Disrupting Class: How Disruptive Innovation Will Change the Way the World Learns (McGraw-Hill, September 2010) by Clayton M. Christensen, Michael B. Horn, and Curtis W. Johnson.

In most school reform efforts the focus is on the schools. The question we typically...

Video/Podcast/Media

Moe and Chubb discuss the potential that online learning has for totally changing many of the issues in American education. Some of these issues include education funding, school choice, student...

Focusing on Michigan's role in online learning, this video shows teachers at Michigan Connections Academy at work with their online students. Teachers believe that the online arena allows them to actually connect and work with their students better than in a face-to-face classroom. The video also discusses a recent study on virtual learning produced by the Mackinac...

Connections Academy is one of the leading providers of K-12 online education. This video describes their course of action and includes information on how online teachers work with students. This video also describes the flexibility that online education brings to students.

As an online public school, Florida Virtual School is one of the most well-known and prominent examples of online education. This video interviews FLVS students on what type of courses they have taken, how their participation in FLVS has influenced their lives, and whether or not they would recommend it to others.

Produced by a leading provider of online curriculum, this video takes a glimpse into the homes of students and teachers who participate in online public schools. The feedback from these people is overwhelmingly positive, for teachers, students, and parents all feel like they are giving or getting an individualized, high-quality education, with more than adequate...

Testifying before an Oregon legislative committee, Kristina Ribali represents a concerned parent with a child enrolled in online education. Ribali advocates for choice and encourages the legislature to avoid putting regulations on Oregon's online schools, a position contrary to that taken by local teachers' unions. A corresponding article to this video can be found...

This video follows an online charter high school called Carpe Diem. According to students and parents, one of the main benefits of Carpe Diem is that it allows students to work at their own pace. After being recognized with an exemplary award for quality education, Carpe Diem's founder attributed the school's success to an emphasis on "individualism."

Susan Patrick, "the president and chief executive officer of the International Association for K-12 Online Learning," explains how far behind other industries education is in terms of technological advances. According to Patrick, this lack of technological advancement is a direct result of the impediments that public policy places in front of K-12 online...

The state of Florida has long been a leader in online education. Due to budgetary problems, the Florida legislature is looking at ways to save money and one of their options is online education. This news clip explains how virtual learning could soon be replacing traditional classroom instruction, a fact which many people - including parents - openly embrace.

Due to budgetary and school achievement issues, virtual schooling has become a learning mode designed to produce education reform. This video features a discussion of the potential of virtual learning both for children and for their teachers in the form of extended education and development.

Produced by Florida Virtual School, this video uses actual online students, parents, and teachers to describe the intricacies of online learning. One of the main things that students and parents love about FLVS is that it allows them to connect with their instructors much more than in a traditional school. This feature enables kids to get extra help with areas they...

Primary Document

This piece of legislation describes the statutes pertaining to the Florida Virtual School. Among the topics covered in this document are guidelines covering who may attend FLVS, how FLVS receives its funding,...

Produced by the U.S. Department of Education, this report seeks to compile all of the research regarding online education. Due to the relatively new nature of online learning, the Department of Education declared that "The goal of the study...

The Online Leaning Option Act lays out the guidelines for online education in Minnesota. The statute provides information on enrollment policies, credit limit, and cost calculations. This statute also establishes an "online learning advisory council" for the purposes of...

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